Approximately ________ percent of clients of color do not return for a second counseling session.

• A. 15
• B. 25
• C. 50
• D. 75

Answer: (C)

Engagement and retention for clients from racial and ethnic minority groups are crucial topics in counseling. The idea here is that a substantial portion of these clients don’t come back after the first session, with about half not returning for a second encounter. This pattern highlights real barriers beyond the initial contact.

Several factors contribute to this drop-off. Historical and ongoing experiences of discrimination and bias can erode trust in the mental health system. Clients may worry about confidentiality, worry about stigma within their communities, or have beliefs about therapy that don’t align with standard Western approaches. Practical barriers—cost, transportation, childcare, and inflexible scheduling—also play a big role. Additionally, a lack of cultural or linguistic matching between therapist and client, plus therapists who may not incorporate culturally relevant concepts or practices, can make the initial session feel less relevant or comfortable.

Understanding these dynamics helps explain why retention is often lower for clients of color. For counselors, the takeaway is the importance of building trust early, conducting culturally responsive assessments, and co-creating a treatment plan that respects the client’s cultural values and beliefs. Providing language-concordant services, offering flexible scheduling or teletherapy, reducing practical barriers, and actively seeking client feedback can all improve engagement. When care feels culturally sensitive and accessible, clients are more likely to continue with sessions, leading to better outcomes.