In many ways, ________ racism is far more insidious than ________ racism because it is embedded in bylaws, rules, practices, procedures, and organizational culture.

• A. Individual; Institutional
• B. Institutional; Individual
• C. Cultural; Institutional
• D. Individual; Cultural

Answer: (B)

Racism at the institutional level is the focus here. It operates through policies, rules, procedures, and the overall culture of an organization, shaping outcomes even when individual attitudes vary. That makes it especially insidious because it's embedded in how systems function, not just in one person’s behavior. The sentence uses bylaws and organizational culture as examples, which clearly point to institutional racism. Hence the best fit is institutional in the first blank and individual in the second; the other pairings don’t align with the idea that systemic structures can perpetuate inequality even without overt personal prejudice.