Which of the following is not listed as a determinant of health disparities?

• A. Income
• B. Education
• C. Access to care
• D. Eye color

Answer: (D)

Understanding determinants of health disparities means looking at the social, economic, and environmental factors that shape whether different groups experience different health outcomes. Income affects material conditions like housing, nutrition, and ability to pay for services. Education influences health literacy and the capacity to navigate the health system. Access to care determines whether people can obtain preventive services and timely treatment. Eye color, by contrast, is a genetic trait and does not by itself influence health outcomes, access to care, or the distribution of resources. So, while income, education, and access to care are recognized determinants that contribute to disparities, eye color is not.