Which of the following terms holds that culturally-based ethical challenges are always new and unique?

• A. ethnocentrism
• B. multicultural ethical awareness
• C. goodness-of-fit ethics
• D. cultural pre-competence

Answer: (C)

Cross-cultural ethics are treated as situational and context-driven, using a goodness-of-fit approach. This view holds that culturally based ethical challenges aren’t solved by a single universal rule; instead, each client’s cultural framework interacts with professional ethics, producing unique dilemmas that require assessing how well values and norms fit with ethical guidelines. Practitioners weigh respect for cultural differences against core principles and adapt their actions to fit the specific context. The other terms don’t capture this emphasis on novelty: ethnocentrism centers on judging other cultures by one's own standards, rather than on the uniqueness of ethical challenges; multicultural ethical awareness notes differences but doesn’t claim every dilemma is new; cultural pre-competence describes a developmental stage, not the claim about novelty of challenges.